:root {
    --primary-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f766e 0%, #0284c7 100%);
    --teal-glow: 0 0 15px rgba(20, 184, 166, 0.4);
    --text-slate: #0f172a;
    --text-muted: #64748b;
    --accent: #14b8a6;
    --accent-hover: #0d9488;
    --sky: #38bdf8;
    --bg-glow: radial-gradient(circle at 10% 20%, rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08) 0%, transparent 40%),
               radial-gradient(circle at 90% 80%, rgba(20, 184, 166, 0.08) 0%, transparent 40%),
               #f8fafc;
    --card-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
    --card-shadow-hover: 0 15px 35px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    --glass-border: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.7);
}

body {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    background: var(--bg-glow);
    background-attachment: fixed;
    color: #334155;
    line-height: 1.6;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Custom Typography */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    color: var(--text-slate);
    font-weight: 700;
}

h1 {
    font-size: 2.85rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    font-weight: 800;
}

h2 {
    font-size: 1.85rem;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

h2::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 60px;
    height: 4px;
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Center aligned h2 adjustment */
.text-center h2::after {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

/* Floating Navigation Bar */
.navbar-floating {
    position: fixed;
    top: 1.5rem;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: calc(100% - 3rem);
    max-width: 1140px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.8);
    border-radius: 50rem;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px -10px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    z-index: 1030;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    padding: 0.6rem 1.5rem !important;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .navbar-floating {
        border-radius: 1.5rem;
        padding: 0.8rem 1.2rem !important;
    }
}

.navbar-brand {
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.nav-link {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #475569 !important;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem !important;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
    border-radius: 50rem;
}

.nav-link:hover {
    color: #0f766e !important;
    background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.05);
}

.nav-item.active .nav-link, .nav-link.active {
    color: #0284c7 !important;
    background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08);
}

/* Adjust layout container margin for floating navbar */
.main-wrapper {
    margin-top: 7.5rem;
}

/* Premium Buttons */
.btn-primary {
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    border: none;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px 0 rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
    transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    color: white !important;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px 0 rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4);
    filter: brightness(1.05);
}

.btn-outline-primary {
    border: 2px solid #0284c7;
    color: #0284c7;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.btn-outline-primary:hover {
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    border-color: transparent;
    color: white !important;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px 0 rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}

/* Premium Cards */
.card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
    border-radius: 1.25rem !important;
    box-shadow: var(--card-shadow);
    transition: all 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--card-shadow-hover);
    border-color: rgba(14, 116, 144, 0.25);
}

.card-title {
    color: var(--text-slate);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Academic Publication Cards */
.paper-card {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-left: 4px solid #0284c7 !important;
}

.paper-card:hover {
    border-left-color: #0f766e !important;
}

.paper-year {
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #0284c7;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
    background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08);
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.paper-authors {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #475569;
}

.paper-journal {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: #0f766e;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Double-border Gradient Rings for Profile Pictures */
.profile-photo-container {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 8px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.15) 0%, rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.15) 100%);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.profile-photo-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    padding: 3px;
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    -webkit-mask: linear-gradient(#fff 0 0) content-box, linear-gradient(#fff 0 0);
    -webkit-mask-composite: xor;
    mask-composite: exclude;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.profile-photo-container img {
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 4px solid white;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

/* Timeline Components */
.timeline {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 7px;
    top: 0.5rem;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #0284c7 0%, rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.5) 100%);
}

.timeline-item {
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
}

.timeline-item:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.timeline-marker {
    position: absolute;
    left: -2rem;
    top: 0.35rem;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: white;
    border: 3px solid #0284c7;
    box-shadow: var(--teal-glow);
    z-index: 2;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.timeline-item:hover .timeline-marker {
    background: #14b8a6;
    border-color: #14b8a6;
}

.timeline-date {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #0284c7;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.timeline-title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-slate);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.timeline-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #475569;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.timeline-desc {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #64748b;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Badges styling */
.badge {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.badge.bg-primary {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0ea5e9 0%, #0d9488 100%) !important;
    color: white;
}

.badge.bg-secondary {
    background-color: #f1f5f9 !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

/* Left Accent Widgets for Sections */
.accent-widget {
    background: white;
    border: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.8);
    border-radius: 1.25rem;
    padding: 1.75rem;
    box-shadow: var(--card-shadow);
    transition: all 0.35s ease;
    height: 100%;
}

.accent-widget:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--card-shadow-hover);
    border-color: rgba(14, 116, 144, 0.2);
}

.widget-icon-box {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08);
    border-radius: 10px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #0284c7;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.widget-title {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

/* Dark Slate Footer */
footer {
    background: #0f172a !important;
    color: #cbd5e1;
    border-top: 1px solid #1e293b !important;
    margin-top: 6rem;
}

footer h5 {
    color: white;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

footer .text-muted {
    color: #94a3b8 !important;
}

footer a {
    color: #94a3b8;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

footer a:hover {
    color: var(--sky) !important;
    padding-left: 4px;
}

footer .footer-social-link {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #1e293b;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #cbd5e1;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

footer .footer-social-link:hover {
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    padding-left: 0;
}

/* News Cards & Image Hover */
.news-img-container {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.news-img-container img {
    transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.card:hover .news-img-container img {
    transform: scale(1.06);
}

/* Custom Pagination styling */
.pagination .page-item .page-link {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
    color: var(--text-slate);
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.pagination .page-item .page-link:hover {
    background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.05);
    color: #0284c7;
    border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2);
}

.pagination .page-item.active .page-link {
    background: var(--primary-gradient) !important;
    border-color: transparent !important;
    color: white !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}

.pagination .page-item.disabled .page-link {
    background: rgba(241, 245, 249, 0.5);
    color: #94a3b8;
    border-color: var(--glass-border);
}

.back-link {
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.back-link:hover {
    color: #0284c7 !important;
    transform: translateX(-4px);
}

/* Custom Scrollbar */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 8px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: #f1f5f9;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: #cbd5e1;
    border-radius: 4px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: #94a3b8;
}

/* Press Carousel Custom Styling */
.press-carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    padding: 0 3.5rem;
}

.press-carousel-control {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border: 1px solid var(--glass-border) !important;
    border-radius: 50% !important;
    color: var(--text-slate) !important;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    opacity: 0.8 !important;
    transition: all 0.3s ease !important;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    position: absolute;
}

.press-carousel-control:hover {
    background: var(--primary-gradient) !important;
    color: white !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.08);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2);
}

.press-carousel-control.prev-btn {
    left: 0.5rem;
}

.press-carousel-control.next-btn {
    right: 0.5rem;
}

.press-carousel-indicators {
    margin-bottom: -2rem !important;
}

.press-carousel-indicators button {
    width: 8px !important;
    height: 8px !important;
    border-radius: 50% !important;
    background-color: var(--text-slate) !important;
    border: none !important;
    opacity: 0.3 !important;
    transition: all 0.25s ease !important;
    margin: 0 4px !important;
}

.press-carousel-indicators button.active {
    width: 20px !important;
    border-radius: 4px !important;
    background: var(--primary-gradient) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .press-carousel-container {
        padding: 0 2.25rem;
    }
    .press-carousel-control.prev-btn {
        left: 0.25rem;
    }
    .press-carousel-control.next-btn {
        right: 0.25rem;
    }
}

/* Custom Modern Button Styles for Certificates */
.btn-cert-accredible {
    background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.06);
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4);
    color: #0284c7 !important;
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.btn-cert-accredible:hover {
    background: #0284c7;
    border-color: #0284c7;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35);
    transform: translateY(-1.5px);
}

.btn-cert-credly {
    background: rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.06);
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.4);
    color: #ea580c !important;
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.btn-cert-credly:hover {
    background: #ea580c;
    border-color: #ea580c;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.35);
    transform: translateY(-1.5px);
}

.btn-cert-verify {
    background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.06);
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.4);
    color: #0f766e !important;
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.btn-cert-verify:hover {
    background: #0f766e;
    border-color: #0f766e;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.35);
    transform: translateY(-1.5px);
}

.btn-cert-download {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #10b981 0%, #059669 100%);
    border: none;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.25);
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.btn-cert-download:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669 0%, #047857 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.4);
    transform: translateY(-1.5px);
}

.btn-cert-eye {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.8);
    color: #0f766e !important;
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 50rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.btn-cert-eye:hover {
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    border-color: transparent;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
    transform: translateY(-1.5px);
}

.btn-hero-accredible {
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    border: none;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.3);
    transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out;
}

.btn-hero-accredible:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.4);
}

.btn-hero-credly {
    background: rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.08);
    border: 1.5px solid #ea580c;
    color: #c2410c !important;
    transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out;
}

.btn-hero-credly:hover {
    background: #ea580c;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.35);
}

/* Conference Cards & Modal Styles */
.conference-card {
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
    border-left: 4.5px solid #14b8a6 !important;
    cursor: pointer;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.conference-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08) !important;
    border-left-color: #0284c7 !important;
    border-color: rgba(20, 184, 166, 0.4) !important;
}

.conference-card:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #0284c7;
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.conference-card .btn-view-card {
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.conference-card:hover .btn-view-card {
    background: var(--primary-gradient);
    color: #ffffff !important;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}

.line-clamp-2 {
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.line-clamp-3 {
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.conf-att-item {
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.conf-att-item:hover {
    background-color: #f1f5f9 !important;
    border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
}